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Implementation
Outcomes
Introduction
The University
of Pittsburgh Medical Center, a 20-hospital health system, was faced
with the challenges of increasing quality, decreasing costs, managing
resources more effectively, and finding a method to foster system
collaboration and integration in the provision of patient care.
The Transformational Model was chosen by the system to be the conceptual
framework that would:
Standardize
the key components of patient care necessary to accomplish organizational
goals by:
- Identifying
changes in thinking that need to occur in patient care to meet
future challenges;
- Defining
key standards for patient care to be used across the system;
- Defining
the clinical outcomes that will be measured across the system
(quality, service, financial);
- Describing
basic competencies for care providers within the system (joint
initiative with Human Resources).
Develop
the staff to meet our future challenges by:
- Identifying
barriers to future success;
- Developing
necessary educational and development programs (joint initiative
with Human Resources);
- Providing
a "map" for organizational development from reactive
to proactive and high performing levels.
Organize
and develop patient care initiatives by:
- Serving as
a basis for the patient care strategic plan;
- Helping
to prioritize patient care projects;
- Identifying
areas of duplication and cost savings;
- Identifying
areas of best practice.
Results
From System Measurements
In order to
determine the efficacy of using the Transformational Model within
the system, a brief comparative analysis between hospitals that
were using the Transformational Model and those that were not was
done to look at outcomes related to quality and cost over the last
year. This retrospective data showed that in user hospitals:
- A comparison
of nursing total paid hours per patient day in the Medical/Surgical
units (CMI adjusted) showed an 8% decrease in the paid HPPD.
- A comparison
of nursing total paid hours per patient day in the Intensive Care
Units (CMI adjusted) showed an 18% decrease in critical care staffing.
- The medication
error rate was 23% lower.
- The central
line infection rate that was 7% lower.
- Hospitals
using the TM showed a 14% decrease in admission time and a 15%
decrease in discharge time for Emergency Room service times (not
CMI adjusted).
- An innovative
clinical orientation program developed for critical care nurses
reduced costs by $600,000 in fiscal year 1999, and the cost per
employee was reduced by $4800, with no adverse effect on patient
outcomes.
- Individual
patient care units have improved their quality scores as they
moved from a reactive to a solidly responsive (higher) developmental
level. These improvements included:
- documentation
scores improved 14%
- medication
errors were reduced by 72%
- IV errors
were reduced by 94%
- absenteeism
was reduced by 53%
- A Liver
Transplant ICU moved from reactive to responsive in seven months,
reduced its central line infections by 86%, and its annual operating
costs by 3.8%.
We cannot assume
that these differences in the system hospitals and the work units
were due entirely to use of the Transformational Model because these
studies were not controlled, and there were many variables that
could have affected these outcomes. Since this data was collected,
other outcomes indicators have been put into place to collect controlled
data for research purposes, which will be reported at a later date.
It should be noted that although we have achieved these
results, we cannot guarantee that they can be replicated in other
organizations without further study.
For more information
regarding outcomes data, please contact
us.

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